Test Guide Mobile Home
Search: Search

Neurofilament light (NFL), Plasma
Short Description : NFL, Plasma


Plasma
Test performed by: LabPLUS Support Services transport this to a 3rd party for testing


Performed at National Dementia Diagnostics Laboratory (NDDL), The Florey, Melbourne.

This test may be vetted by a pathologist.


Specimen Collection

EDTA

4 mL EDTA Plasma (Preferred)

Two full 4ml EDTA tubes required.

Samples should not be visibly haemolysed.


Turnaround Time:

Up to several weeks.

Samples are batched due to high overseas transport costs. Urgent requests are considered only in exceptional circumstances and must be individually justified.


Assay Method

Roche (sandwich) immunoassay

Results using this assay are not necessarily comparable to other methods. Serial results should be followed by the same method and laboratory.


Specimen Transport Instructions for Referring Laboratories

Transport at 2-8C and centrifuge within 6 hours. If transport to LabPlus is delayed, separated plasma samples should be kept frozen.

Requesting details (IMPORTANT)

The Florey Institute request form must be completed (see pdf attachment). The form should be printed and completed by an approved requestor, then imaged and emailed to chemicalpathologist@adhb.govt.nz . If the form is not fully and correctly completed then the sample cannot be processed and sent to Florey. The form should be emailed before the patient is sent to the lab depot for testing, All requests are vetted by LabPlus chemical pathologists.

When the patient presents to the depot, the request for "neurofilament light (NFL)" and "send to LabPlus" must be clearly written in the additional tests box.

This test is only available when requested or endorsed by neurologists. Other specialists such as psychogeriatricians, metabolic physicians or psychiatrists specialising in cognitive decline will be approved on an individual basis.

Testing implications for the patient and family should be carefully considered and discussed with the patient and/or caregivers prior to requesting. It is the responsibility of the clinician to obtain informed consent. If the patient is unable to give informed consent then it must be obtained from close family members with due authority as parent or guardian, or power of attorney.

Download: Florey Institute Request Form - Plasma p181 and NFL - Florey Institute Request Form.pdf

Interferences

Haemolysis may give false low results. Affected samples will be rejected and not sent to Florey Inst for testing.

Recent intake of high dose biotin (>5mg/day) may affect results; biotin should be stopped for at least 8hours prior to testing, and preferably at least 2-3days if much higher doses, prior to testing.

Renal disease may cause false elevation, related to the decline in GFR (see details below)




Diagnostic Use and Interpretation

Neurofilament light (NFL) is an axonal protein released into the CSF and from there into the bloodstream with all forms of neuronal injury. Plasma levels correlate with CSF, but are about 30-40 fold lower.

NFL can be useful to distinguish between functional symptoms and organic brain disease. However, it is not disease specific, and elevation can be present in many forms of neurodegenerative, inflammatory, traumatic, metabolic and vascular brain disorders.

Levels can sometimes be very high and diagnostically useful in certain destructive brain disease such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, but elevation is also seen in frontotemporal dementia. Huntington's and Parkinson's disease. It may also be increased in disorders causing polyneuropathy.

As it is a sensitive marker of injury it can sometimes be used to monitor inflammatory activity of some chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis. However, it's use in this area is not yet clearly established.

It is less sensitive than other blood markers such as pTau181 and pTau217 for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, and should not be relied upon for diagnosis of early Alzheimer's. It is not possible to differentiated mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease using NFL.

The rise in NFL after acute traumatic brain injury is slow with only modest, if any, rise before about 12 hr. Peak levels occur after about 4-10 days, and it can remain elevated for 6-12 months after significant diffuse axonal injury, depending on severity.

NFL is renally cleared, so progressive elevation occurs with worsening renal impairment, from 30-70% increase with GFR 30-60ml/min/1.73m 2 , up to 2-3 folds with end stage renal disease. Levels are generally increased but fluctuate in dialysis.

There is a very slow linear rise in plasma NFL through adulthood (about 2-3%/year), with a more rapid increase of 5-10%/year after age 60even in healthy patients. Cutoffs are about 2-fold higher over age 70yr compared to 50-60yr. This should be considered in interpretation. There is no significant influence of sex or ethnicity.

References

Booth RA, Beriault D, Schneider R, et al. Validation and generation of age-specific reference intervals for a new blood neurofilament light chain assay. Clin. Chim. Acta. 2025;577:120447.

doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2025.120447

Ashrafzadeh-Kian S, Figdore D, Larson B, et al. Head-to-head comparison of four plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) immunoassays. Clin. Chim. Acta 2024;561: 119817.

doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2025.120447

Simren J, Andreasson U, Gobom J, et al (2022). Establishment of reference values for plasma neurofilament light based on healthy individuals age 5-90 years. Brain Comm. 4(a):fcac174.

doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcac174

Cameron B, Patel AM, Cobb BR, et al. Feasibility of neurofilament light chains as a blood-based biomarker for screening across neurological diseases.

https://medically.roche.com/content/dam/pdmahub/restricted/neurology/scn-2023/WCN-2023-posters-cameron-feasibility-of-neurofilament-light-chain.pdf

Forgrave LM, Ma M, Best JR, DeMarco ML. (2019) The diagnostic performance of neurofilament light chain in CSF and blood for Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Alz. Dement. 11: 730-43

Shahim P, Politis A, van der Merwe, et al. (2020) Neurofilament light as a biomarker in traumatic brain injury. Neurology 95(6):e610-22.

Graham NSN, Zimmerman KA, Moro F, et al. (2021) Axonal marker neurofilament light predicts long-term outcomes and progressive neurodegeneration after traumatic brain injury. Sci. Transl. Med. 29 Sept. Vol 113(613) eabg9922.

Wu J, Xiao Z, Wang M, et al. (2024) The impact of kidney function on plasma neurofilament light and phosphor-tau 181 in a community-based cohort: the Shanghai Aging Study. Alz. Res. Ther. 16: 32

doi.org/10.1186/s13195-024-01401-2


Last updated at 14:28:45 19/12/2025